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Showing 3 results for Bhai
Analysis of broncho alveolar lavage adenosine deaminase assay in patients with clinically diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis
Deep Rajendrabhai Kothari, Nilesh Dutt, Palak Prajapati, Pankaj Garg, Mamta Patel,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (May-Jun 2024)
Abstract
Background: The sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a diagnostic challenge for physicians. It has been shown that adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity increases in various body fluids of patients with tuberculosis (TB). A prospective clinical trial was conducted to determine the effectiveness of ADA activity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in subjects who have sputum smear-negative PTB.
Methods: A total of 29 patients (M/F: 15/14), mean age (36.8 years), were enrolled in our study from October 2021 to August 2022 after providing written consent. The mean duration of symptoms was 41.66 days. Out of 29 patients, 21 patients had BAL ADA 4.81±1.68 unit??, for whom AKT treatment was started and cured, while four patients with BAL ADA 4.50±2.86 unit? did not improve, and four patients with BAL ADA 6.52±1.16 whose AKT treatment is ongoing at present but clinically improved. The sensitivity of BAL ADA with the outcome of 29 patients is 75%, while for BAL CBNAAT, it is 80%. When we apply a formula for combined sensitivity for the parallel test, then it comes to 95%, which indicates a great number of patients gets the benefit when we apply both tests simultaneously.
Results: We conclude that ADA activity was significantly increased in BAL.
Conclusion: BAL ADA is a useful and effective investigation for the diagnosis of PTB.
 
Histopathological spectrum of upper-gastrointestinal lesions on endoscopic biopsies
Tejas Atulbhai Contractor , Himali Parsotambhai Thakkar, Anupama Ishwar Dayal, Sandesh Omprakash Agrawal , Hani Kamleshbhai Patel ,
Volume 18, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec 2024)
Abstract
Background: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) lesions are significant contributors to morbidity, with endoscopy serving as a crucial minimally invasive tool for their visualization and biopsy. This study explores the demographic patterns of upper GI lesions by age, sex, and biopsy site, comparing the prevalence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions across the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, while underscoring the importance of early detection and management.
Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Gujarat, India, from July 2019 to October 2021. A total of 104 upper GIT biopsies were included and categorized based on age, sex, site, endoscopic findings, and histomorphology. Histopathological analysis involved routine processing, staining, and microscopic examination by a histopathologist.
Results: Out of the 104 endoscopic biopsies, the majority were from the 46-55 age group, followed by the 66-75 age group, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. Esophageal biopsies were the most common (48%). Non-neoplastic lesions (52.8%) were predominant, with duodenitis (48%) and celiac disease (33.3%) being the most frequent. Neoplastic lesions (47.1%) were prevalent in the esophagus (36.5%), primarily squamous cell carcinoma. Gastric biopsies showed more benign lesions, such as gastritis, than malignant ones, with adenocarcinoma being the most common. Endoscopic findings included thickening, scalloping, nodularity, polyps, and fragile growths, emphasizing the diversity of upper GIT lesions and the need for early detection and treatment.
Conclusion: The study emphasizes the crucial role of biopsies in promptly diagnosing esophageal malignancies and identifying premalignant conditions like Barrett's esophagus for timely intervention. It reaffirms the pivotal role of endoscopic biopsy in clinical management, stressing the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach.
 

Molecular Study of KPC-Mediated Carbapenem Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Jithu Jacob, Swapna C Senan, Ramani Bhai,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (3-2025)
Abstract
Aim: The global distribution of Klebsiella pneumoniae that produce carbapenemase has been gradually increasing.This present study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from various clinical samples. Materials and Methods: In this study, 401 bacteria of Klebsiella isolates were isolated from various clinical samples according to standard protocol. The twelve carbapenem-resistant genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identifying Class A β-lactamases producers (KPC), Class B β-lactamases producers (NDM), and Class D β-lactamases producers (OXA-48) were done. It was noted that 10 isolates expressed KPC followed by one isolate expressed NDM and one isolate expressed OXA-48. Conclusion: In the present study conclude that CP-CRK is a major health problem in the coming years and hence it is necessary to take all adequate measures to identify the resistant strains. Continuous monitoring of these resistant mechanisms is required to establish the changes in the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of MDR Klebsiella isolates. Urgent infection control measures coupled with antibiotic stewardship and strengthening of the healthcare infrastructure are to be instituted in our setting to prevent the spread of these Carbapenem-resistant genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC). Larger multicenter studies are required to thoroughly assess risk variables and historical trends in order to comprehend the dynamics of spread and efficient management strategies.


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