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Showing 24 results for Diabetes Mellitus

Israa Elgaily, Abdelkarim A. Abdrabo,
Volume 18, Issue 5 (9-2024)
Abstract

Background: Various analytes are used to assess glycemic control in laboratory medicine. Glucose measurements show current glucose levels, but sample stability can be influenced by diet and stress. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is the best marker for long-term control but can be affected by elevated urea levels. This study compared glycated albumin (GA) and HbA1c in diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 280 volunteers. Among these, there were 115 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 95 diabetic patients without ESRD, and 75 non-diabetic patients with ESRD. Laboratory measurements included HbA1c, GA, urea, and creatinine, assessed using standard laboratory techniques. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS statistical software.
Results: Levels of HbA1c were lower in diabetic patients with ESRD compared to diabetic patients without ESRD. In contrast, GA levels were higher in diabetics with ESRD. A significant negative association was observed between HbA1c levels and urea levels. However, creatinine levels were not associated with either HbA1c or GA.
Conclusion: The estimation of glycated hemoglobin levels can be affected by high blood urea. Therefore, GA may be a better glycemic indicator for diabetic patients with ESRD.

Habibeh Sadat Mosavi , Mohammad Taher Hojjati , Khodaberdi Kalavi,
Volume 18, Issue 5 (9-2024)
Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, disturbed lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Poor glycemic control results in lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities, suggesting that dyslipidemia is secondary to insulin resistance or factors closely related to insulin resistance. Glaciated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a routinely used marker for long-term glycemic control. This form of hemoglobin is chemically processed through post-translational glycosylation that reflects the plasma glucose concentration during the last two to three months.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on blood samples from 592 cases referred to Dezyani Specialty Clinic, affiliated with the Golestan University of Medical Sciences. In patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-diabetic individuals, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (T-chol), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured.
Results: In the study, there were 460 female participants (76.9%) and 132 male participants (23.1%). Among them, 403 (67.4%) were diabetic patients, and 193 (32.4%) were non-diabetic. HbA1c levels were significantly lower in younger individuals than in middle-aged participants (p=0.000). No significant difference was found between middle-aged and older individuals (p>0.121). LDL levels were significantly lower in the young group than in the middle-aged group (p<0.001). Total cholesterol (TC) was also significantly lower in the young group compared to middle-aged and older groups (p<0.001).
Conclusion: HbA1c can be a helpful lipid and glycemic control marker in diabetes.

 

Mahendran Kanumuru, Sridevi Nutakki ,
Volume 18, Issue 6 (11-2024)
Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a non-communicable disease, manifesting hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and low-grade chronic inflammation associated with various micro and macrovascular complications. The present study aimed to estimate vitamin D (Vit D) levels, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in T2DM patients compared with healthy individuals. In addition, we assessed Vit D, total antioxidant capacity, and MDA levels in patients with T2DM and their association with HbA1c, insulin resistance and lipid profile parameters.
Methods: Seventy patients with T2DM aged 35 to 50 years were selected and 70 healthy age-matched subjects were selected as controls. Serum Vit D and insulin were estimated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and other routine lipid profile investigations were carried out using a Beckman Coulter fully automated analyzer.
Results: Vitamin D levels significantly decreased in T2DM patients. HbA1C and insulin resistance values are significantly increased in type 2 diabetic patients. Vitamin D levels negatively correlated with MDA, insulin resistance, and HbA1c, while positively correlated with total antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, there is no significant correlation between lipid profile parameters.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may be one of the vital risk factors responsible for increased oxidative stress in patients with T2DM.  Regular monitoring and supplementation of Vit D are beneficial for the reduction of oxidative stress and vascular complications in these patients.

 

Sharabeh Hezarkhani , Khosro Ghojoghi , Sara Hosseinzadeh , Naser Behnampour , Farshid Fathabadi , Zahra Hesari , Hamid Reza Joshaghani ,
Volume 18, Issue 6 (11-2024)
Abstract

Background: Leptin and adiponectin, two members of the adipokine family, play roles in increasing lipid metabolism and inhibiting lipogenesis. Reduced levels of these cytokines are associated with obesity and insulin resistance. This study aimed to determine the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in type-2 diabetic patients with and without metabolic syndrome compared to a control group.
Methods: Three groups of individuals participated in this study: 47 type-2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome (DM+MetS), 25 type-2 diabetic patients without metabolic syndrome (DM-MetS), and 40 individuals with no history of diabetes or metabolic syndrome (Control group). Fasting blood samples were collected, and serum levels of fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were measured using the enzymatic method. Blood pressure, height, and weight were recorded using stadiometers, while leptin and adiponectin levels were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: A significant difference was observed between the DM+MetS group and the DM-MetS group in serum leptin (p = 0.004) and adiponectin (p < 0.001) levels. In patients with type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, serum leptin (p = 0.530) and adiponectin (p < 0.001) levels were lower compared to the control group.
Conclusion: A decrease in the serum levels of key adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, in type-2 diabetic patients may serve as a predictor of metabolic syndrome.

 


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