M Fatemi Motlagh, H Varham, N Mansori,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (10-2010)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: "The comb antibiotic sensitivity test" is a quick, reliable and cost effective method to determine the susceptibility of bacteria to different antibiotics. The purpose of this study is to design a plate that is easy and quick to use, and enable to be interpreted easily without the need for measurement of the margins with a ruler. Material and Methods: First, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute data about the maximum growth inhibitory haloes formed with antibiotics and various micro-organisms were statistically examined and determined that the most (99.7%) zone of inhibition growth is formed in the range of 42 mm. Accordingly, the obtained number (42 mm) and conventional plate size (100 mm) used for testing sensitivity were punched into Solid works software which was used to determine the best place of strip and shoulder plates. After that the efficacy this media were examined by determination of MIC Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia, non-graded and graded plate shoulders were searched and compared. Results: Has been placed two combs MIC in a plate in this method and didn’t create growth inhibitory haloes interferences. Obtained MIC for Nitrofurantoin( 10 µg/ml) , Amikacin(0.5 µg/ml), Gentamicin(1 µg/ml) , and Amoxicillin (0.5 µg/ml) against S.aureus , MIC Nalidicsic Acid, Amikcin, Gentamicin and Nitrofurantoin against K.pneumonia was 0.1, 0.5, 0.5 and 10 µg/ml ,respectively. Conclusion:The comparison between this new innovative method and standard methods (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute - CLSI) shows that there a marked reduction in the interference of antibiotic therapy and will also reduce time of interpretation. Key words: Plate, Antibiogram Comb, MIC, Antibiotics, Drug resistance.
Tajeddin, E. (msc), Jahani Sherafat, S. (msc), Seyyed Majidi, M. R. (md), Alebouyeh, M. (phd), Nazemalhosseini Mojarad, E. (msc), Pourhossengholi, A. (phd), Mohammad Alizadeh A H (md), Zali, Mr (md),
Volume 5, Issue 2 (10-2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Bile in healthy people is a sterile fluid and presence of any microorganism can be a marker for a disorder like cholelithiasis. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial agents in the bile of patients with bilestone, malignant pancreatic and biliary diseases. Material and Methods: One hundred and two bile samples were obtained, during six months in 2011, from patients subjected to ERCP in Taleghani hospital, Tehran. First, Patient's clinical data, the type stone, and their disease status were studied, and then the microbiological investigations, such as culture, identification of the bacteria and detection of their counts, drug susceptibility testing and molecular tests (16s rDNA PCR) performed on all the samples. Higher than 103 bacteria counts for each sample, in the absence of underlying infections, was considered as stable colonization. We run SPSS version 13 to analyze the data. Results: Out of 42(41.1%) positive bile culture samples, 59 bacterial isolates are detected by conventional methods. Of culture negative samples, seven have bacterial DNA indicated by PCR method. The most isolated bacteria are E. coli (%34.4), Enterococcus spp. (%19.7), Klebsiella pneumoniae (%18) and Pseudomonas aeruginos (18%). The most frequent stones are cholesterol, black pigment and brown pigment, respectively. There is no significant association between the diseases, stones and types of bacteria. Previous antibiotic usage (44.6%) is meaningfully more than that of other biliary problems (p=0.01) Conclusion: The presence of bacteria, Escherchi coli and Entrococcus which are the most in bile samples, is considered as a risk factor in pathogenesis of biliary disorders. Further studies on the pathogenesis and pathophysiological effects of bacteria can help us to clarify the role of bacteria in producing bile stones. Key words: Bile stones, Bacteria, ERCP, Antibiotics.
