Showing 10 results for Hospital
H Hoseinzadegan, A Hassani, M Azadpoor, S Soleimannezhad, F Mohamadi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (10-2007)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives:
(ESBL) strain is one of the emerging health related problems in the world recently.
Some of the species of the gram-negative bacilli including Klebsiella Pneumonia &
Escherichia Coli are well known ESBL producing among bacteria, and they cause
uncontrollable infections. This Cross-sectional study was designed to asses the
ESBL producing gram negative bacilli among inpatients of Shohada-ye- ashayer
hospital (Khorram Abad).
Extended Spectrum Betalactamase producing
Materials and methods:
methods. ESBL producing gram negative bacilli were screened with MacConkey
Agars containing 4 mg/liter Ceftazidime and confirmed with double disk synergy
method as recommended by national standard laboratory institute.
Samples were processed with routine laboratory
Results:
positive for ESBL.The most isolated species of ESBL are 20 Klebsiella
pneumonia(8.88%), 10 Escherchiia coli(4.44%) and 10 pseudomonas
aeruginosa(4.44%). The most ESBL producing gram-negative bacilli were Isolated
from urine samples (21 cases 39.62%).and Ten cases (18.86%) from bronchoscopy
sterile samples.
Fifty- there cases (23.55%) of 225 total isolated gram negative bacilli are
Conclusion:
frequently isolated from Shohada-ye-Ashaier Hospital. Regarding the high
resistance of these strains against many of the antibiotics and even against
Carbapenems, health- care providers need to plan controlling policies for such
strains.
The Results indicate that ESBL producing gram-negative bacilli are
Key words:
Extended Spectrum Betalactamase.
Hospital acquired infection, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Pneumoniae,
A R Abdolahi,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (10-2009)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: A Nosocomial infection is one of the Leading problems causing high mortality among hospitalized patients. This study aimed at confirming the concurrence of Nosocomial infections with microorganisms spreading in the air of hospital wards. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in 2009 at ValieAsr Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The Samples were taken from the air of different sections of the hospital both actively (with Quick-Tak, 30) and passively. After that, the samples were investigated for bacerial and fungal contamination and the results were compared with the results of Laboratory Studies of patients in different wards. Results: The Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) ward shows the least fungal and microbial contamination whiles the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) the highest. The fungi are essentially Cladosporium and penicillium while the most well-Known organisms are Micrococcus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Stenotrophomonas is seen in both blood and air culture in thorax surgery ward. Also, the concurrence of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the samples of the air and patients is considerable. Conclusion: There isn’t concurrence between the Nosocomial caused organism, apart from Stenotrophomonas and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and microorganisms isolated from patients. Because the bacterial and fungal organisms are in the air of Hospital, it is a necessity to install proper ventilation system. Keywords: Air Bacterial Contamination, Hospital, Nosocomial Infection
Sh Jalalpoor,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (10-2010)
Abstract
Bachground and objectives: Hospital surfaces can serve as reservoirs of potential pathogen bacteria. Staff hands are the most important source of transmission in hospital. The prevalence of β–lactamase producer bacteria in staff hands and hospital surfaces, increase antibiotic resistance nosocomial infection. The aim of this study was to survey the spread of beta-lactam resistance Staphylococcus sp. in Al-zahar hospital in Isfahan. Material and Methods: The research was carried out during 2005-2007 years in Al-zahra hospital in Isfahan. Overall, 274 samples (194 strains from surface and 80 strains from staff hands).The surface samples collected by using swab in Nutrient Broth (NB) and staff hand samples collected using Finger Print method. Bacterial identification was performed by Bacteriological methods, β–lactamase production by acidimetric method and antibiogram pattern by Kirby Bauer method. Results: Of 194 strains isolated from hospital surfaces, 105 (53.7%) strains, and of 80 strains isolated from staff hands, 28 (35%) are related to Staphylococcus sp. According to acidimetric test, 79.8% of S.aureus strains and 68.55% of S.epidermidis strains produce β-lactamase. Conclusion: Results show high frequency of antibiotic resistance and β– lactamase producer Staphylococcus sp. on staff hands and hospital surfaces. Reduction of bacteria in these sources is the most important manner to control transfer of virulence agents in bacteria and create of antibioticresistant strains. Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, β– lactamase, Antibiotic-resistant, Hospital surfaces, staff hands.
M Naderinasab, N Tayyebi Meibodi, Y Nahidi, A Bakhshizadeh,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Cross-transmission of microorganisms by the hands of health care workers is considered as a main transmission route of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial contamination of health-care worker’s hands while going out of hospital.
Material and Methods: Wearing the sterile glove with liquid culture, we obtained 100 Samples from the staff’s hands of three departments (clerical department, emergency ward and central laboratory) of Emam Reza hospital. After that, the samples were cultured.
Results: Of all personnel, 40% have the habit of washing their hands. Of these, 95 percent wash their hands with water and soap, and 5 percent with alcohol rubs. Of 100 cultured samples, 90 have microorganisms including non-pathogen gram-positive bacillus (29%), coagulase-positive staphylococcus (39%), coagulase-negative staphylococcus (47%), Enterococci (3%), micrococcus (25%) and candida (3%). Contamination in those who had not washed their hands is 62.6% and in those who washed is 37.7% (P=0.04).
Conclusion: Hands of health-care workers become progressively contaminated by the potential pathogens during daily activities. To reduce the rate of contamination, it is helpful if we ask staff to wash their hands while going out of hospital.
Keywords: Microbial Flora Hospital’s Staff Hand Washing
Razaz Rahmati, N, Mohabati Mobarez, A, Khoram Abadi, N, Sharifzade Peyvasti, V, Shokoohizade, L,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are the leading nosocomial pathogens in Iran. We aimed at evaluating the resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci to the antibiotics recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
Material and Methods: Two-hundred forty Staphylococcus aureus and 203 Enterococcus isolated from urine, wound, blood, trachea, stool and other clinical specimens of inpatients and outpatients were obtain from some hospitals in Tehran. Sensitivity of S. aureus to oxacillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin, clindamycin and linezolid were determined by disk diffusion according to CLSI (M100-S22) guidelines. Likewise, sensitivity of enterococci to ampicillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, tigecycline, linezolid, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin was invesditated by the same method.
Results: Of 240 S. aureus isolates, 56%, 46.6% and 40.4%were resistant to oxacillin, erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. We found one S. aureus isolate with low susceptibility to vancomycin (VISA; 0.5%). All S. aureus isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin and linezolid. Of 203 Enterococcus spp., 47.3%, 24.6%, 9.4%, 85.2%, 11.3% and 4.4% were resistant to ampicillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin, respectively. All these isolates were sensitivity to tigecycline and linezolid.
Conclusion: Resistance of S. aureus isolates to oxacillin, erythromycin and clindamycin was significant. Enterococci isolates were remarkably resistant to ampicillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin. Given our results, we suggest vancomycin, chloramphenicol, linezolid and nitrofurantoin for S. aureus infections and tigecycline and linezolid as drugs of choice for enterocoocal infections treatment.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Tehran, Hospitals
Khandan Del, A, Ghaemi, Ea,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Bacterial infections are of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in ICU patients with underlying immunodeficiency. This study aimed to determine the frequency of microorganisms in patients admitted to the ICU of Panje Azar Hospital in Gorgan.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the patients admitted in three wards, each having at least 48, of ICU in Panje Azar Hospital in Gorgan. All microbial cultures requested by patients' physician were recorded.
Results: In ICU positive cultures were 53.9%. The number was 16 for Staphylococcus coagulase negative, 15 for Enterococci , 11 for Yeast, 11 for E.Coli, 9 for Enterobacter , 8 for streptococcus, 5 for staphylococcus aureus. The highest percentage was related to coagulase-negative staphylococci (16.5%) and the lowest to Alcaligenes, Diphtheroids, Acremo bacteria , Serratia with one positive case.
Conclusions: the incidence of bacterial contamination in ICU patients compared to other parts of country is not different significant. While it is far from world standard, it is essential that many efforts be done to reduce the level of infection.
Keywords: ICU; Microorganisms; Panje Azar Hospital.
Fatemeh Bagherian, Alireza Nikoonejad, Abbas Allami, Samira Dodangeh, Layla Taha Yassen, Bahram Hosienbeigi,
Volume 15, Issue 6 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Antibiotic resistance is a global health challenge that affects both individuals and the health system in many ways. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern in isolates from patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a hospital in Qazvin, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive and retrospective study was performed on urine and blood samples collected from 1318 ICU patients in the Velayat Hospital of Qazvin (Iran) during 2017-2019. Data were collected from patients’ medical records. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 25).
Results: Based on the findings, 65.2% of the samples were related to urinary tract infections and 34.7% to bloodstream infections. Escherichia coli (68.6%) and Stenotrophomonas (41.0%) were the most common bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections and bloodstream infections, respectively. Moreover, the rate of antibiotic resistance was higher among Acinetobacter, Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas, Enterococcus and Pseudomonas isolates.
Conclusion: The rate of drug resistance in isolates from ICU patients is alarmingly high and requires immediate attention. It is recommended to modify antibiotic prescriptions in the hospital based on the results of antibiotic resistance pattern, particularly for treatment of infections caused by E. coli and Stenotrophomonas.
Adem Keski̇n, Recai Aci, Mukadder Arslanbek Erdem, Murat Ari,
Volume 15, Issue 6 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: In recent years, analytical error rates in medical laboratories have decreased significantly. It has been demonstrated that the majority of errors occur outside of the laboratory in the pre-analytical and post-analytical phases. Our study aimed to evaluate the specimen rejections that occur for various reasons in the central clinical laboratory of a teaching hospital.
Methods: The study included all specimens (emergency and routine) that were sent from different units of the hospital to the central laboratory between January and December 2019.
Results: Based on the results, 3483 (0.27%) out of 1,307,013 specimens were rejected. The rejection rate was highest for specimens from the intensive care unit (0.69%) and lowest for specimens from the outpatient clinic (0.18%). The specimen rejection rate was 0.42% and 0.22% for specimens from the service unit and emergency department, respectively. The rejection rate for specimens from the intensive care unit was significantly higher than that for specimens from the emergency department (p<0.001), outpatient clinic (p<0.001), and service unit (p=0.010). Although the number of specimens from the intensive care unit was lowest, it had the highest rate of specimen rejection. In our study, most analysis requests were from the outpatient clinic. However, the specimen rejection rate was lowest in this unit.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the reasons for specimen rejection may be influenced by the health status of the patient rather than the patient population.
Puja Kumari Jha, Rachna Agarwal, Rafat Sultana Ahmed,
Volume 15, Issue 6 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Turnaround time (TAT) is an important quality indicator for benchmarking laboratory performance. Delay in TAT may affect patient safety; thus, continuous monitoring and analysis of laboratory workflow is mandatory. This study was designed to improve the TAT of two biochemistry laboratories serving in tertiary care teaching hospitals (multispecialty and super-specialty) through the application of quality tools namely quality failure reporting, the Fishbone model, and process mapping.
Methods: First, TAT was defined for routine (four hours) and urgent samples (two hours). Then, TAT failureincidents in 2018-2019 were analyzed using the Fishbone model. The process map of TAT was studied and made more value streamed and lean after removal of waste steps.Corrective action plans were prioritized and implemented for potential causes with more adverse outcomes. Pilot solutions were implemented for six months and TAT failures incidents were reanalyzed.
Results: The quality failure in TAT reporting was reduced by 22% (from 34% to 12%) for urgent samples and by 19% (from 27% to 8%) for routine samples after the implementation of quality tools in multispecialty hospital laboratory. In the super-specialty hospital laboratory, the improvement was more profound and the TAT percentage achieved after the corrective actions was 96.57% and 98% for urgent and routine samples, respectively.
Conclusion: Implementation of quality failure reporting culture along with quality tools led to significant improvement in TAT and higher quality laboratory performance in terms of efficiency, reliability, and increased patient safety.
Smita Bhide, Dr. Rupali Lahane,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal tract complaints are prevalent among individuals in rural settings, encompassing all age groups. This study aimed to examine histopathological lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract through endoscopic biopsy and determine the frequency of various upper gastrointestinal lesions in relation to age, sex, and site.
Methods: The specimens included in our study comprise endoscopic biopsies of the upper gastrointestinal tract during October 2018 to October 2020. A total of 70 biopsies from the upper gastrointestinal tract were analyzed using endoscopy. All specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and processed following routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) examination. Special stains were employed when necessary.
Results: Among the 70 upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies studied during this period, 25 (35.71%) were from the esophagus, 35 (50.0%) were from the stomach, and 10 (14.29%) were from the duodenum. Of the 70 upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies, 34 displayed inflammatory lesions, while 36 exhibited neoplastic lesions. There was a male predominance among the cases examined. Non-neoplastic lesions were observed in individuals aged from the second to the fifth decade, while neoplastic lesions were more prevalent in older age groups.
Conclusion: This research highlights the stomach as the predominant location for inflammatory and neoplastic lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The study reveals a notable occurrence of gastric carcinoma among malignant upper gastrointestinal lesions. Thus, early detection and management of upper gastrointestinal lesions necessitate endoscopy and subsequent histopathological evaluation.
