Showing 16 results for Type 2
Emam, S J., Asgari, M., Hosseini, S A., Shahbazian, H., Veisi, E., Vali, M., Latifi, S M., Malihi, R.,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (10-2012)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives: Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease resulting in disability and premature death. The Etiology of diabetes mellitus is complex, but factors such as genetic, immunological and environmental are involved .The aim of this study was to investigate the association between diabetes and blood type.
Material and Methods: In this cross - sectional study blood group of 500 patients with diabetes type 2 was determined and compared with the distribution of blood groups in 11,461 healthy people in Ahwaz. Statistical analysis was performed by independent T test, using SPSS Software (version 17)
Results: the Patients’ age is between 35 and 80 years. Their Blood groups are A (106 20.3 %) B (144 27.5%) AB (97 18.5%) and O (176 32.7%). One hundred seventy-nine (34.2%) cases are Rh+ and the rest (344 65.8 %) Rh- .
Conclusion: Regarding to the distribution of blood group AB and Rh- ,which respectively are 7.3% and 8.4%, the chance of developing diabetes in theses people is higher than that in other people (P<0.05). Hence, they should follow a healthy lifestyle from early years of life to reduce the risk of diabetes.
Key words: Diabetes type 2, blood group, risk factors
F Niknazar, M Aberumand, R Rostami, M Seyed Tabib,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: Some studies show that, there is a relationship between decrease of serum magnesium (Mg) level and the insulin resistance in diabetic type II patients. The aim of this study was to compare the Mg level in in type II diabetic with non-diabetic individuals. Materials and Methods: Diabetic patients(n=35) and control group (n=35),<35 years old, were randomly selected from the hospital of Imam Ali, Andimeshk. To compare diabetic patients and control group, the t-student statistical method and SPSS software, were used. Results: Mg levels in diabetic and non diabetic groups were 1.33±0.27 and 1.62±0.21 mg/dl, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.0000014). A reversed significant relationship was seen between FPG and Mg among type II diabetic patients, whereas no significant relationship was seen between Mg and other variables, (TG, Chol and HDL). In non-diabetics group, there was a reversed significant relationship between the Mg and Chol, Whereas, no relationship was seen between other variables and magnesium. Conclusion: In diabetic patients, with increased level of FPG, serum Mg levels were decreased significantly. Moreover, serum Mg levels in diabetic patients were significantly lower than non-diabetics. Keywords: Magnesium, Diabetes type 2, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, High density lipoprotein
P Farzanegi, Pp Ayatollahi, Ar Barari, M Fakori Joybari, S Shirali, M Shojaee, A Khandandel,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Imbalance Between antioxidant defensive system and increased production of free radicals leads to oxidative stress that can be effective in making cellular damage and causing some diseases such as diabetes. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of eight-week purslane extract consumption on some peroxidant and antioxidants indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Material and Methods: The Participants were 16 women with type 2 diabetes who had not the history of once a week regular physical activity program, in previous five years. They were randomly divided into two groups of experimental, purslane supplementation for eight weeks, and control. Blood sampling was performed in two stages.
Results: After eight weeks of purslane consumption, resting levels of MDA, SOD and CAT in Supplementation group showed a significant decrease compared to those of control group.
Conclusion: Purslane consumption can improve peroxidant/antioxidant balance in women with type2 diabetes.
Key words: Purslane, Peroxidant Balance, Antioxidant, Type 2 Diabetes
Marjan Vahedi, Parvin Farzanegi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diabetes induced oxidative stress plays an important role in pathological damage to the heart and liver by increased production of extracellular matrix. It is thought that the use of medicinal plants, particularly Portulaca oleracea. L and regular exercise are effective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Portulaca oleracea. L consumption along with resistance training on cathepsin S, cystatin C and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels on type 2 diabetes patients.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 28 female type 2 diabetes patients with a mean age of 52 were randomly devided into 4 groups of control, exercise, supplement and supplement-exercise. Portulaca oleracea. L supplement was cosumed 7.5 g per day. Resistance training program was performed with a rubber band for 8 weeks, 3 days a week for 60 minutes with40-50% intensity, up to a maximum repetition. Blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after the last intervention.
Results: After eight weeks, cathepsin S, cystatin C and CRP levels in the supplementation and supplementaion-exercise group were significantly reduced (P<0.05). There were also significant differences between the groups.
Conclusion: Portulaca oleracea. L consumption and resistance training have each separate positive impacts on the cathepsin S, cystatin C and CRP levels, but the simultanous effect of Portulaca oleracea. L seed consumption and physical activity can lead to a better efficiency.
Keywords: Portulaca oleracea, resistance training, cathepsin S, cystatin C, C-reactive protein, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Mohammadzadeh, Ghorban , Fatemeh Karimpour, Mohammad Ali Ghaffari, Alireza Kheirollah, Azadeh Saki,
Volume 9, Issue 5 (11-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB polymorphism is associated with changes in lipid profile and may be a risk factor for CAD in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CETP TaqIB polymorphism with CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this case-control study, 292 diabetic patients were divided into two groups based on angiography reports (150 participants with normal angiogram as the control group and 142 participants with more than 50% stenosis of at least one coronary artery as the case group). The CETP TaqIB genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP analysis. Fasting blood glucose was measured using glucose oxidase and lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) by an enzymatic method.
Results: There was no significant difference in the frequency of genotypes and alleles between the case group and controls (the control group: B1B1, 17.3%; B1B2, 63.3%; and B2B2, 19.3%; the case group: B1B1, 18.3%; B1B2, 64.1%; and B2B2, 17.6%) (P=0.92). In the control group, heterozygous participants (genotype B1B2) had higher levels of cholesterol compared with other genotypes (B1B1 and B2B2). Also, the patients with genotype B1B2 had significantly higher weight (P=0.013).
Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between CETP TaqIB polymorphism and the increased risk of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Keywords: Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein, Polymorphism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Coronary Artery Disease
Ma Ghaffari , Gh Mohammadzadeh , M Rezazadeh , H Rashidi ,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (5-2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Vitamins C and E are the two main antioxidants involved in prevention of type 2 diabetes, by reducing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamins C and E supplementation independently, on serum levels of insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and resistin in people with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this study, 38 patients with type 2 diabetes (17 men and 21 women) received 1,000 mg/day vitamin C, and 40 patients with type 2 diabetes (21 men and 19 women) received 400 IU/day vitamin E orally. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were measured using enzymatic method. Hs-CRP was measured by immunoturbidimetric method, and serum insulin and resistin levels were measured by ELISA.
Results: total cholesterol, triglycerides, hs-CRP, insulin and resistin significantly were reduced after vitamin C supplementation (P<0.001). Moreover, the level of total cholesterol (P =0.018), low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides and hs-CRP significantly changed after vitamin E supplementation (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The daily intake of 1,000 mg of vitamin C and 400 IU of vitamin E may be useful in reducing diabetic complications by decreasing serum levels of hs-CRP and lipid profile in people with type 2 diabetes.
Exir Vizvari , Parvin Farzanegi , Hajar Abbas Zade Sourati ,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Sirtuin (SIRT), Fibroblast Growth Factor21 (FGF21) and Fetuin A are proteins that cause a wide range of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). On the other hand, regular physical activity is known to play a key role in prevention and management of T2DM. Thus, this study investigated the effect of vigorous aerobic exercise on serum levels of metabolic parameters including SIRT1, FGF21 and Fetuin A in women with T2DM.
Methods: The study was performed on 28 randomly selected women with T2DM who were divided into an exercise group and a control group. The training intervention consisted eight weeks of vigorous aerobic exercise (three times a week at 70-80% of maximum heart rate). The serum levels of SIRT
1, FGF
21 and Fetuin A were evaluated before the first session and 48 hours after the last session. Paired sample t-test and independent t-test were used to analyze within and between group differences, respectively. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS (version 19) at significance of 0.05.
Results: The eight-week aerobic training caused a significant reduction in body weight, body mass index, insulin resistance, low-density lipoprotein, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and Fetuin A of women with T2DM. In addition, it caused a significant increase in SIRT1 and FGF
21 levels. There was no significant difference in the level of high-density lipoprotein and cholesterol between the two groups.
Conclusion: As a non-pharmacological therapy, regular aerobic exercise might improve the metabolic parameters, SIRT1, FGF21, and Fetuin A in women with T2DM.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, SIRT
1, FGF
21, Fetuin A, Exercise.
Nasrin Ramezani , Behnaz Vanaky , Nader Shakeri , Zahra Soltanian , Fatemeh Fakhari Rad , Zahra Shams ,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that regular exercise can affect apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax as important apoptosis factors in diabetic rats.
Methods: After inducing diabetes in 20 male Wistar rats (weighing 250 ± 1.15 g), the rats were randomly divided into a control group and a training group. The training group performed high-intensity interval training five days a week for four weeks, and the control group did not perform any training. After the intervention, RNA was extracted and TCF mRNA was subjected to real time RT-PCR for measuring Bax and Bcl-2 expression in the heart tissue of diabetic rats. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics V22 using independent t-test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: The expression of Bcl-2 increased significantly and the expression of Bax decreased significantly after the four-week training intervention.
Conclusion: The high-intensity interval training can have beneficial effects on the expression of apoptotic genes in rats with type 2 diabetes.
Keywords: Bax, Bcl-2, High intensity interval training, Heart, Type 2 diabetes.
Ali Salehi, Hajar Abaszadeh, Parvin Farzanegi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is an enzyme involved in the regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of continuous exercise and resveratrol supplementation on insulin resistance and expression of PDK4 in the soleus muscle of elderly rats with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: After inducing diabetes in 42 old male rats (mean weigh: 250-300 g, aged about two years), the rats were randomly divided into six groups: healthy control, diabetic control, continuous exercise, supplementation, continuous exercise + supplementation and sham. The continuous exercise group was subjected to eight weeks of running, five sessions a week. Daily 20 mg/Kg body weight resveratrol supplementation was administered to the supplementation and supplementation + exercise groups. To evaluate insulin resistance, the HOMA-IR insulin resistance index was calculated as the product of insulin (μIU/mL) and glucose (mmol/L) divided by 22.5. Expression of the PDK4 gene in the soleus muscle was analyzed by RT-PCR. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 23 using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Resveratrol alone or combined with continuous exercise significantly increased PDK4 expression and slightly decreased insulin resistance in the subjects.
Conclusion: Our results show that diabetes is associated with reduced PDK4 expression and increased insulin resistance. These effects can be effectively reversed in the soleus muscle of elderly diabetic rats by resveratrol supplementation alone or combined with continuous exercise.
Mojtaba Abbasi, Amirhooman Asadi, Hadis Musavi,
Volume 13, Issue 6 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Reduced insulin secretion in Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) results in fat accumulation in hepatocytes and increase in liver enzymes. The hepatocyte destruction due to non-alcoholic fatty liver is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the association of liver transaminases with lipid profile in T2DM patients compared to healthy subjects.
Methods: A total of 1000 subjects (500 males and females with T2DM and 500 healthy subjects) participated in this case-control study. Diagnosis of T2DM was made based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Fasting blood samples (5 ml) were obtained from all subjects in the morning and the serum was extracted for the assessment of biochemical parameters was used to compare parameters between healthy and T2DM patients. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 and using Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation coefficient.
Results: The serum total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), TCH/high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) ratio and atherogenecity index plasma were significantly higher in T2DM group compared to healthy individuals (p≤0.006). Among the lipid profile parameters only Risk ratio (TCH/HDL-C) was positively correlated with ALT (p=0.037) while no significant correlation was observed for other variables (P>0.05)
Conclusion: T2DM Patients have higher lipid profile, atherogenecity index and liver enzymes compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, TCH/HDL-C was significantly correlated with ALT.
Exir Vizvari, Parvin Farzanegi, Hajar Abbas Zade ,
Volume 14, Issue 6 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and fetuin A are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, regular physical activity has an important role in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of moderate aerobic exercise on serum levels of FGF21 and fetuin A in women with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The study was performed on 28 women with type 2 diabetes aged 40-50 years (mean weight: 70.58 ± 2.11) who were randomly divided into an exercise group (n=14) and a control group (n=14). The training intervention consisted of eight weeks of moderate aerobic exercise at 60-70% of maximum heart rate, five times a week. Serum levels of FGF21, fetuin A and some metabolic parameters were evaluated before the first session and 48 hours after the last session. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS (version 24) using repeated measures ANOVA and at significance of 0.05.
Results: The eight-week aerobic training intervention caused a significant increase in FGF21 and insulin sensitivity as well as a significant decrease in fetuin A, fasting blood sugar and HbA1c (P=0.001).
Conclusion: As a complementary therapy, regular aerobic exercise can be beneficial for type 2 diabetes patients in improving some metabolic parameters as well as FGF21 and fetuin A levels.
Farnaz Zanghaneh, Parvin Farzanegi, Habib Asgharpour,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Programmed autophagy is a genetically and evolutionarily conserved process that destroys long-lived cellular proteins and organelles. This study aimed to investigate effects of continuous and interval exercise training with or without atorvastatin supplementation on Beclin1, LC3-I and LC3-П expression in old rats with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Sixty three male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups. Continuous exercise was performed at a speed of 15-29 m/min for 5-22 minutes. Interval exercise program consisted of six 2.5-minute sets that included a four-minute rest period between each set. The rats in the supplementation groups also received 20 mg/kg body weight atorvastatin daily via intraperitoneal injection. At the end of the training period, the expression of Beclin1, LC3-I and LC3-П in soleus muscle was measured by RT-PCR. One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis at statistical significance of 0.05.
Results: The results showed that both exercise trainings with or without atorvastatin significantly reduced LC3I, LC3-II and Beclin1 compared with the diabetic control group (P<0.05). In addition, the effects of the trainings and atorvastatin supplement did not differ significantly (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicate that continuous and interval exercise program alone and combined with atorvastatin supplementation could significantly reduce LC3-1, LC3-II and Beclin1 level in soleus muscle of old diabetic rats.
Hossain Torabi, Mojtaba Eizadi, Ali Jalalvand, Ebrahim Zarrinkalam,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Clinical evidence has demonstrated the important role of adiponectin in insulin signaling pathways in target tissue. The aim of this study was to determine effects of aerobic training on insulin sensitivity, glucose level, and adiponectin expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: Type 2 diabetes was induced in 14 male wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of nicotine amide and streptozotocin. The rats were randomly divided into an exercise group (n=7) and a control group (n=7). The rats in the exercise group performed aerobic training in from of treadmill running, five sessions a week, for 12 weeks. Subjects in the control group did not perform any training. Glucose level, insulin level, insulin sensitivity, and adiponectin expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue were determined at baseline and 48 hours after the lasting training session. Independent t-test was used for comparing the variables between the study groups.
Results: Aerobic training resulted in a significant increase in serum insulin (p=0.006), insulin sensitivity (p=0.003), and adiponectin expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (p=0.037) compared with the control group. In addition, the training caused a significant decrease in fasting glucose level compared with the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on these findings, the decrease in blood glucose may be attributed to the improvement of adiponectin-dependent insulin signaling pathways in adipose tissue in response to aerobic training. However, more cellular-molecular studies are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for these changes.
Nasrin Ramezani, Mahshid Dezhan, Saide Saadaat Khalili, Nader Shakeri, Kayvan Khoramipour,
Volume 17, Issue 5 (9-2023)
Abstract
Background: Omentin-1 plays an important role in insulin function. Despite numerous studies, the effect of interval training on this adipokine is still vague. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (IR), omentin-1 serum levels, and gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats.
Methods: In an experimental study, 20 male rats (8-10 weeks, weight: 250-270 g) were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetic control (N=10) and diabetic training (N=10). The training protocol was 30 minutes of HIIT (1-min run, 2-min rest) performed 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, omentin-1 serum level, and gene expression were measured in the visceral fat 48 hours after the last exercise for both groups.
Results: The HIIT resulted in lower serum glucose and insulin resistance (P = 0.001), higher serum omentin-1 levels (P = 0.001), and higher visceral fat gene expression (P = 0.004) in the training group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Lower serum glucose and insulin resistance and higher omentin-1 serum levels and gene expression in the training group can prove the effectiveness of HIIT training in T2D, although further research is required.
Chandralekshmy Chandrika, Archana Jayan, Fathima Beevi Osman,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background: Type 2 DM is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, increased glucose production, and abnormal fat metabolism. Diabetes mortality primarily results from microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, as well as macrovascular complications like coronary artery, peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. Patients with diabetes usually have changes in adipose tissue metabolism and abnormalities in the secretion of adipokines such as leptin. The present study aims to study the relationship between serum leptin levels and lipid profile parameters among non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetic individuals.
Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 41 type 2 diabetic patients and 41 non-diabetic individuals of both sexes between the ages of 40 and 70. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), serum leptin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were assayed.
Results: The mean serum leptin levels among diabetic patients were lower than those of non-diabetic individuals, and this difference in mean was statistically significant. The study showed a significant negative correlation between serum leptin, TC, TG, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and a positive correlation with HDL. In the final regression model, serum leptin showed a statistically significant association with FBS and HDL.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that serum leptin levels can be a strong predictor of low HDL levels in diabetic patients. It can also contribute to raised levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL, which are responsible for macrovascular complications in diabetics.
Mahendran Kanumuru, Sridevi Nutakki ,
Volume 18, Issue 6 (11-2024)
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a non-communicable disease, manifesting hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and low-grade chronic inflammation associated with various micro and macrovascular complications. The present study aimed to estimate vitamin D (Vit D) levels, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in T2DM patients compared with healthy individuals. In addition, we assessed Vit D, total antioxidant capacity, and MDA levels in patients with T2DM and their association with HbA1c, insulin resistance and lipid profile parameters.
Methods: Seventy patients with T2DM aged 35 to 50 years were selected and 70 healthy age-matched subjects were selected as controls. Serum Vit D and insulin were estimated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and other routine lipid profile investigations were carried out using a Beckman Coulter fully automated analyzer.
Results: Vitamin D levels significantly decreased in T2DM patients. HbA1C and insulin resistance values are significantly increased in type 2 diabetic patients. Vitamin D levels negatively correlated with MDA, insulin resistance, and HbA1c, while positively correlated with total antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, there is no significant correlation between lipid profile parameters.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may be one of the vital risk factors responsible for increased oxidative stress in patients with T2DM. Regular monitoring and supplementation of Vit D are beneficial for the reduction of oxidative stress and vascular complications in these patients.
